Universal nation: Settler colonialism and the Canadian public debt over Miꞌkmaꞌki, 1820-1873
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis explores the intersections between global finance capitalism and settler colonialism. It argues that, in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, the Canadian public debt played a key role in the onset of settler colonialism. This study concludes with a focus on Epekwitk, the British named Prince Edward Island, as a way to conceptualize both the local and the global aspects of the role of the public debt in settler colonialism. Epekwitk aqq Piktuk is one of seven (sometimes eight) territorial districts of Mi'kma'ki, the unceded and unsurrendered territory of the Mi'kmaq. Despite the unceded nature of the lands, the Island government used money from its public debt to mass appropriate lands starting in the 1850s. Arguably, the Island government could take out a large public loan because it leveraged Mi'kmaq lands as credit on money markets.This dissertation uses both imperial and colonial archival sources. Records from the London Stock Exchange, and documents from prominent political economists inform the imperial aspect of this study. Canadian federal and provincial archives provide sources on the accounts and legislation related to the history of the public debt. The Mi'kmaq Confederacy of Prince Edward Island, and Lennox Island First Nation have also shared their oral histories and knowledges with this study. These crucial historical perspectives offer key information about the land changes on Epekwitk, and are a salient counterbalance to the colonial archival record
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".