Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Concussion is an important public health problem. The difficulty in recognizing mild concussions and the significant risk for repeat injury make early detection critical to the management of the concussed athlete. Since the 1990s, the use of neuropsychological tests has helped to measure cognitive deficits from sports-related concussion more objectively. Given the cost and limited availability of these tests, more user-friendly tools are needed. Objectives. (1) Develop and evaluate the capacity of a new user-friendly neurocognitive tool called the McGill ACE to detect concussion in college athletes. (2) Compare the sensitivity of the McGill ACE to a formal neuropsychological test battery (NHL battery) for detection of concussion. (3) Examine individual variations of post-concussion symptoms, in number and severity, when concussed athletes are compared to their own baseline result. (4) Evaluate whether the McGill ACE results differ according to gender. Design. Prospective study. Subjects. 313 athletes from the men's and women's varsity teams at McGill University: 144 football players, 75 ice hockey players, 65 soccer players, 19 basketball players, and 10 men's volleyball players. Interventions. On the pre-season exam, each athlete underwent the McGill ACE evaluation for a baseline measurement. The football and men's ice hockey players were also evaluated with the NHL test battery before contact began. During the sports season, only the football and men's ice hockey players were evaluated with both test batteries within 3 days of a concussion. Main results. The McGill ACE showed as significant sensitivity as the formal neuropsychological battery (the NHL battery) in detecting cognitive problems in a group of concussed college athletes. Post-concussion symptoms significantly increased their total score in number and severity after a concussion, and the appearance of some specific symptoms were significantly associated with a new concussive injury. Finally, this study confirmed gender differences on a test that may involve visual-spatial strategy. Conclusion. The McGill ACE is a valid neurocognitive test to detect concussion and demonstrates the importance of evaluating PCS. This study underscored the importance of comparing the results of neurocognitive testing to each athlete's baseline result, and the even greater importance of such a comparison when men and women are included in the same group.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".