The maintenance of Arabic in Libyan-Canadian children in Montréal: The role of immigrant mothers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This qualitative study investigated the attitudes of Libyan immigrant mothers toward Arabic as their heritage language in Montréal and their efforts to maintain it in their school-aged Libyan-Canadian children. The overall objective of the study was to determine the role of mothers in Arabic maintenance and loss in their children. In a place like Québec where language is highly politicized, issues of heritage language become very significant. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, data were collected from 6 Libyan mothers who have been in Canada for at least 5 years, and 10 of their children who were between the ages 7-12 at the time of data collection. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were used to gain insights into the mothers' language attitudes and language practices with their children. Participant observations were also used to check if the mothers' reported attitudes and practices were reflected by their actual language use in their homes with their children. The findings suggest that Libyan immigrant mothers are very positive toward the maintenance of Arabic in their children. The mothers played a significant role in their children's heritage language maintenance or loss. Their language use in their homes was influenced by their proficiency in the majority languages in Québec which in return impacted the children's language use. This may suggest the influence of Québec's immigration, integration and language policies on the maintenance and loss of heritage language. The findings suggest that home language planning is essential to the maintenance of heritage language in immigrant families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".