Individual and combined effects of obesity and COPD on exertional breathlessness: Insights from the CanCOLD study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) co-exist in an increasing number of patients, and activity-related breathlessness is a prevalent and often disabling symptomatic manifestation in those who are obese (OB) and have COPD (OB-COPD). Numerous studies report that OB-COPD patients report higher (i.e., worse) levels of activity-related breathlessness (at rest and during exercise) compared to their normal weight (NW) counterparts. However, the physiological mechanisms of relatively greater breathlessness in OB-COPD patients remains unclear and largely understudied. The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of obesity and COPD on exertional breathlessness. Methods: 585 participants who completed a cycle CPET as part of Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) Visit 1 were included. Participants were identified into four groups: (i) NW-NONCOPD (n=233) with a BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and no COPD; (ii) OB-NONCOPD (n=185) with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and no COPD; (iii) NW-COPD (n=93) with a BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and COPD [defined by a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < lower limit of normal (LLN)]; and (iv) OB-COPD (n=74) with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and COPD. Results: Our study demonstrates that OB-COPD patients have a higher metabolic demand, ventilatory demand, and worse dynamic breathing mechanics relative to their NW counterparts. However, the static and dynamic perceptual (ie. breathlessness) responses are minimized due to obesity-related reductions in operating lung volumes. Conclusion: We are the first to demonstrate in this study, that is the largest of its kind that we are aware of and with our experimental design that includes NW- and OB- NonCOPD control groups, the interaction between COPD and obesity on the behaviour of dynamic operating lung volumes and exertional breathlessness responses during symptom-limited incremental cycling CPET
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".