Promoting Tourism Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs’ Perceptions of Tourism Development and Knowledge Management Awareness in Kathmandu Valley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tourism plays a pivotal role in the economic and socio-cultural development of developing countries like Nepal, where entrepreneurs serve as key actors in shaping tourism growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. In this context, the objective of this study is to examine the perception of tourism entrepreneurs on tourism development and their awareness level of knowledge management in Kathmandu valley. Explanatory research design is used by taking 350 samples of tourism entrepreneurs in Kathmandu valley through purposive sampling methods. Social Exchange Theory is used. The study reveals that tourism entrepreneurs exhibit moderate awareness of knowledge management, with an overall index of 71.20%. Predominantly, these entrepreneurs are married male youths engaged in handicraft businesses, holding a bachelor’s degree, residing in joint families, and possessing less than five years of experience in the tourism sector. Structural analysis indicates that personal benefits from tourism development (β = 0.262, p = 0), perceived positive tourism impacts (β = 0.174, p = 0.001), perceived negative tourism impacts (β = -0.182, p = 0), and overall community satisfaction (β = 0.223, p = 0) exert significant effects on attitudes toward additional tourism development. Among the challenges identified, employees’ lack of knowledge management awareness emerges as the most prominent. Managerial interventions, particularly the implementation of knowledge management awareness programs by the organization, are recommended to mitigate these challenges and enhance the effectiveness of knowledge management practices. The findings provide insights for tourism entrepreneurs and relevant stakeholders, including the Nepal Tourism Board and local authorities, to enhance knowledge management and inform policies for tourism development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".