Tewapskik Annapolis River, Kespukwitk-Mi'kma'ka Nova Scotia: a comparative analysis of the influence of a tidal turbine on aquatic biodiversity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The barrage style Annapolis Tidal Power Generating Station (ATiGS) in <em>Nme’juaqnek</em> Annapolis Royal, <em>Kespukwitk Mi’kma’ki</em> Nova Scotia was Canada’s first tidal turbine station – harnessing the tides of the <em>We’kopekwitk</em> Bay of Fundy. In 2019, ATiGS operations were ceased, although structurally it still remains. Since ATiGS’s turbine operation started in 1984, significant habitat changes occurred, and fish assemblages were notably altered throughout the <em>Tewapskik</em> Annapolis River. In 2012, <em>Tewapskik Ji’kaw</em> Striped Bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em> (Walbaum, 1792) population was described as extirpated by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). Historically, from 10 August 2010 to 13 November 2015 beach seine surveys were completed at 16 sample sites to quantify species assemblages during ATiGS operations. These quantified assemblage data had not been historically analyzed during ATiGS tidal turbine operations. After ceasing operations, contemporary monitoring of 15 historical sites began in 2021. From 29 July 2021 to 03 December 2023, with the introduction of 1 new sample site, 16 sample sites were sampled using beach seine surveys. Post-cessation survey data were compiled and compared with historical pre-cessation survey data to characterize turbine operation influence and changes in species presence, abundance, richness, and movement for overall aquatic assemblage. <em>L’nu’k Mi’kmaq</em> ways of understanding <em>Tewapskik</em> area and interacting significant species such as <em>Ji’kaw</em> Striped Bass <em>M. saxatilis</em> were a part of a navigational integrative-scientific method. Two scientific systems (academic and Mi’kmaq) were used in tandem without conformity and were complementarily able to support the theory that <em>Tewapskik</em> aquatic biodiversity is visibly recovering using data from either qualitative or quantitative analyses. These data were able to provide perspectives of <em>Tewapskik</em> typical-estuary ecology and biodiversity pre-ATiGS, where historical scientific information was not available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".