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Record W7163572077 · doi:10.18192/politika.8194

Regulation of Online Gambling in Canada

2023· article· W7163572077 on OpenAlex
Matthew Crane

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenuePolitika – Undergraduate Journal of International Affairs Politics and Policy · 2023
Typearticle
Language
FieldPsychology
TopicGambling Behavior and Treatments
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLicenseCompetition (biology)Public policySafeguardConsumer protectionAddictionExternalityService provider

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Unlicensed online gambling is illegal, although it is not explicitly banned and there exists no current framework to ban it. It is illegal when online casinos operate without a license in a given province, as that breaks said province’s regulations. Current laws such as the criminal code of canada lack specificity on the topic allowing unregulated providers to flood canadian markets to the detriment of existing providers, tax revenues, public health and consumer choice. This paper seeks to provide options for how canada might regulate online gaming websites to safeguard the continued survival of domestic gambling institutions, protect those who are vulnerable to gambling addiction and make our gambling laws consistent and competent. Canada has reasons and the ability to implement the best aspects of the UK and US approaches to online gambling regulation which together provide methods of regulating this new industry which are conducive to diffusion into the canadian setting. To determine whether different policy options are viable, they will be analyzed using Shipan&Volden's mechanisms for policy diffusion which include learning from early adopters, economic competition, imitation, and coercion. According to policy diffusion theory, canada is likely to implement some sort of regulation based on all four factors, as similar countries have had replicable successes and teachable lessons from shortcomings. There is also potential for international standards on the issue. economic competition will also lead to this issue being discussed as the online market becomes more important. canada has the ability and reasons to engage in an attempt to regulate the online gambling providers who make their services available to those in canada. Likely implementations include emulating other schemes through amendments to existing laws to more effectively prohibit the practice as well as the creation of new and more accessible paths for providers to become legal and regulated.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.505
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.064
GPT teacher head0.381
Teacher spread0.317 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it