Inclusion of social support for older adults in therapeutic recreation programs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aging is linked to various co-occurring health issues commonly referred to as geriatric syndromes. This trend has resulted in an increasing number of dependent older adults being admitted to long-term care (LTC) facilities. In addition to the primary care services provided to older adults in LTC homes, activity engagement has been shown to positively impact all aspects of residents’ health and overall quality of life. Therapeutic recreation (TR) is an important inclusion for older adults in LTC as it provides the opportunity for engagement using recreation and leisure-based interventions. Older adults are motivated and perform better in activities when offered some level of support. This study explored the social support’s influence on participation of older adults during TR programs in LTC among residents, their family/friends and TR professionals working in LTC homes. Adopting a qualitative, constructivist, and phenomenological framework, three distinct semistructured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 18 participants across three groups: older adults, family/friends, and TR professionals in LTC settings. This involved 1) individual interviews with residents; 2) individual interviews with recreation staff; and 3) group interviews with residents and their family members/friends. Participants were selected using non-probability purposive sampling and known sponsor approach. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data, guided by Social Exchange Theory (SET) to investigate the reciprocal dynamics of support relationships. The results showed that social support plays a vital role in enhancing participation, emotional well-being, and motivation in TR activities. This study reinforces the growing evidence that social support is essential to the health and recreation engagement of older adults, underscoring the need for its intentional integration into TR planning within LTC settings to foster wellbeing and meaningful participation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".