英米法系公法の調査研究(3) : カナダにおける安楽死法の法形成過程 Carter v. Canada (Attorney General), [2015] 1 SCR 331 を中心として
Bibliographic record
Abstract
カナダでは，終末期医療に関する問題が大きな社会的議論となってきたが，昨年（2016年），連邦議会法「死への医学的補助法」を制定され，一定の要件を満たす安楽死を法認したことにより，全カナダにおいて大きな転換を迎えた。他方ケベック州議会は，連邦法に先立つこと2年，「終末期医療法」案を可決し，いくつかの基準を全て満たすものに対し，医師が患者を死に導くことを認めている。カナダでは，連邦と州の権限配分の基本は，1867年BNA 法に定められ，いくつかの重要な問題について州法と連邦法の二重の枠組みが生じることがある。複雑な連邦と州の立法権と，さらには裁判所による司法判断の交錯は，時として問題の複雑化を引き起こすが，他方では，重層的あるいは多元的な法システムによる問題への現実的対応を可能とするともいえる。そこで本稿では，2つの制定法の背後にある司法判断および連邦議会と州議会の動きを通じて，カナダにおける安楽死合法化の動態を把握し，カナダ独自の法形成過程について確認するとともに，この過程についてカナダ法学理論の1つである「対話（dialogue）」の視点から検討を試みた。
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".