Arthroscopic treatment outcomes for fragmented medial coronoid process in labrador retrievers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Approximately 25% to 35% of forelimb lameness cases in large-breed dogs are attributable to medial coronoid disease, making it one of the most common developmental elbow conditions encountered in veterinary orthopaedic practice. Arthroscopic fragment removal has become the preferred surgical approach, yet relatively few prospective reports have documented outcomes specifically in Labrador Retrievers - a breed with one of the highest reported prevalences. This research evaluated functional and radiographic outcomes following arthroscopic treatment of fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) in 36 client-owned Labrador Retrievers presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Incheon Metropolitan University between January 2023 and June 2024. All dogs underwent computed tomography to confirm unilateral FMCP before surgery. Arthroscopic fragment removal was performed through a standard medial portal approach under general anaesthesia, with concurrent debridement of any exposed subchondral bone. Post-operative rehabilitation included controlled leash walking, passive range-of-motion exercises, and a structured return-to-activity protocol over 12 weeks. Outcome was assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-surgery using a validated lameness scoring system, goniometric measurement of elbow range of motion, owner-completed activity questionnaires, and repeat radiographic evaluation. At the 24-week follow-up, 58.3% of dogs were classified as having an excellent outcome (no detectable lameness), 25.0% achieved a good outcome (lameness only during strenuous activity), 11.1% were graded fair (moderate lameness on daily walks), and 5.6% showed a poor result (persistent weight-bearing lameness). Mean elbow range of motion improved from 97.4±8.3° pre-operatively to 132.6±7.1° at 24 weeks (p<0.001). Joint effusion scores decreased from 2.6±0.7 to 0.4±0.3 on a 0-3 scale. Dogs younger than 18 months at surgery achieved significantly better functional scores than older dogs (p=0.018), and those without pre-existing osteoarthritic changes on initial radiographs had higher rates of excellent outcomes (72.7% vs. 41.7%; p = 0.032). Two dogs developed minor surgical site complications (seroma formation) that resolved without intervention. No major intra-operative complications occurred. These results confirm that arthroscopic fragment removal provides favourable short-term functional outcomes in most Labrador Retrievers with FMCP, particularly when performed early before secondary degenerative changes become established.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".