Single and Mixed Viral Infection Reduced Growth and Photosynthetic Pigment Content, Damaged Chloroplast Ultrastructure and Enhanced Virus Accumulation in Oriental Lily (Lilium auratum cv. Sorbonne)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both single- and mixed-infection experiments were performed to study the effects of Lily mottle virus (LM0V) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, chloroplast structure and virus accumulation in oriental lily (Lilium auratum L. cv. Sorbonne). Virus infection with LM0V significantly reduced plant height and leaf length and width. Mixed infection with LM0V and CMV caused significantly more severe effects on growth than single infection by LM0V. In leaves exposed to mixed infection, there was a decrease in content of chlorophyll a (chl a), chlorophyll b (chl b), and carotenoids (car) as well as in the chl a/b and chl (a+b)/ car ratios. In addition, mixed infection greatly damaged the chloroplast ultrastructure. Plants infected with both viruses exhibited a significantly greater accumulation of LM0V coat protein (CP) gene compared with the single infection by LM0V. These results clearly indicated that mixed infection by LM0V and CMV brought about more damage to the growth and photosynthetic apparatus of lily plant compared with single infection by LM0V.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".