Compaction Sensitivity of Saskatchewan SPS-9A Asphalt Mixes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure (SMHI) currently use the Marshall compaction method for laboratory hot-mix asphalt (HMA) design and placement quality control / quality assurance. Unfortunately, Saskatchewan has witnessed premature rutting in some pavements due to significant reduction in air voids under traffic loading. It is hypothesized that laboratory compaction during the design process may not be accurately predicting in-service air voids of typical Saskatchewan asphalt mixes. This research characterized the effect of varied laboratory compaction energy on the volumetric and mechanistic mix properties of laboratory compacted hot-mix asphalt mixes. The volumetric and mechanistic mix properties of four Radisson SPS-9A asphalt mixes are summarized and presented in this paper. One of the four asphalt mixes considered in this research is designed and constructed to meet conventional Saskatchewan Marshall Type-71 mix design protocol, two of the research mixes were designed and constructed to meet Superpave(TM) Level I mix design criteria. One of the research mixes was designed and constructed to meet the Superpave(TM) recycle mix design criteria. This research found that laboratory volumetric properties are sensitive to varying Marshall and gyratory compaction energies. With regards to Saskatchewan air voids criterion, 50-blow Marshall compaction satisfied air voids criterion. However, at 75-blow Marshall compaction effort, the conventional SMHI Type-71 asphaltic mixes yielded air voids below the minimum allowable air voids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".