Global diastolic function in endurance athletes: three-dimensional volume tracking of the mitral annulus with cine-CMR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background CMR can be used to assess the structure and function of athletes’ hearts. However, diastolic function is not routinely measured with CMR. Mitral annular (MA) motion, commonly assessed by tissue Doppler imaging, is an important element of diastole that may help to distinguish physiological remodeling from pathological processes of the heart. CMR has been shown to play a useful role in evaluating MA motion. This study aims to characterize the global left ventricular diastolic function in endurance athletes by 3D volume tracking of the MA, using conventional cine-CMR images. Methods CMR studies of 24 high-level endurance athletes (age 22 ± 3) were retrospectively selected from a database. Routine CMR studies from 39 patients with normal hearts (age 42 ± 16) and 29 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients (age 52 ± 17) with normal ejection fractions were included for comparison. Using normalized cross-correlation, feature-tracking of the atrioventricular junctions was performed over the cardiac cycle, in routine long-axis 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber cine-CMR views. This resulted in 6 spatial MA points per cardiac phase, which were interpolated with a spline for 3D MA reconstruction. The 3D volume swept out by the MA was then calculated; the net sweep volume at a given cardiac phase was derived from the sum of the incremental volumes starting from end-diastole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".