La justice pénale ordinaire dans le département des Deux-Sèvres du milieu des années 1930 à la fin des années 1940 : Le tribunal correctionnel de Niort (1936-1951). La cour d'assises des Deux-Sèvres (1936-1949)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aims at defining the influence of the Vichy regime on how the ordinary penal justice worked by studying the activity of the magistrates’ court of Niort between 1936 and 1949 and that of the criminal court of Deux- Sevres between 1936 and 1951. This will be studied through the successive regimes, each following the evolution of the judiciary and penal policies of the different times. The study of the magistrates’ careers shows that a large majority of them were completely submissive to the regimes at the time, particularly under the Vichy regime. Almost one quarter of the magistrates in activity under the Vichy regime were implicated in the administrative purge process, but they were all exonerated. The penal activity of the magistrates’ court strongly increased from the summer of 1940 and its level of activity until 1949 remained greater than that of the time before World War II, with a particularly steady increase in trials related to thefts. The Vichy period stands out for two reasons. First, until 1942, there were an important number of condemnations concerning war supplies, and second, from 1943 on, there was an exploitation of penal justice serving a moral policy, which continued after the Liberation. Correlatively, we notice a great increase in the number and the proportion of women judged and condemned, particularly in 1943. Another major characteristic of the Vichy period is the harshness of the magistrates’ court, the drop in deferred sentences, and a record total number of imprisonments without parole. Sex cases represent the first category of incriminations for criminal court judgments, but these were not subject to major changes during the war. However, their number and the harshness with which they were dealt increases after the Liberation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".