Phosphorylation of transglutaminase 2 by PKA at Ser216 creates 14‐3‐3 binding sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional ubiquitous enzyme which is present in various cellular compartments and is subject to phosphorylation by PKA. To better understand the relevance of PKA induced phosphorylation of TG2, we performed pull‐down assays using phosphorylated biotinylated‐TG2 209–223 peptides spanning PKA induced phosphorylation sites as bait. Subsequent analysis of pull down protein by SDS‐PAGE and LC/MS identified 14–3‐3ε as the binding partner for TG2 which was further confirmed by immunoblotting with 14‐3‐3 specific antiserum. In contrast, non‐phosphorylated and/or phosphorylation site substituted peptides fail to pull down 14‐3‐3. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 14‐3‐3 co‐immunoprecipitated with TG2 antiserum after activation of PKA from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) TG2+/+ cells but not from MEF TG2 −/− cells. In summary, we provide convincing evidence that phosphorylation of TG2 by PKA creates binding site(s) for 14‐3‐3 both in vitro and in vivo . Binding of 14‐3‐3 to TG2 may be important in the modulation of various activities of TG2 or it may provide a means for cross talk with other signaling pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".