Establishing Efficient Social Credit System in China from American Experience of Social Credit System1/ETABLISSEMENT D'UN SYSTÈME EFFICACE DE CRÉDIT SOCIAL EN CHINE D'APRÈS LES EXPÉRIENCES AMÉRICAINES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This paper analyses American social credit system. Social credit is defined as the belief that the provisioning capabilities of a nation are a result of collective effort and should be used in a democracy way as a fund from which each citizen receives an equal share in the form of a basic income. Many difficulties would be faced without a sound social credit system, so the establishment of a nationwide social credit system should be sped up to improve the development of social credit. The paper discusses what to do as to the development of social credit system. Key words: credit investigation, social credit system, intermediary agency, credit consciousness, credit organizations. Resume: Le present article analyse le systeme de credit social americain. Le credit social est defini comme la croyance que la capacite d'approvisionnement d'une nation est le resultat de l'effort collectif et devrait etre utilisee de facon democratique comme un fonds dans lequel chaque citoyen peut recevoir une part egale en forme d'un revenu de base. On devrait confronter beaucoup de difficultes sans un systeme efficace de credit social. Ainsi, un systeme de credit social a l'echelle nationale doit etre etabli le plus vite possible pour promouvoir le developpement du credit social. Le present article explore ce qu'il faut faire en faveur du developpement du systeme de credit social. Mots-Cles: investigation de credit, systeme de credit social, agence intermediaire, conscience de credit, organisations de credit America is a developed country, which has built up relatively perfect social credit system through their many years' practice. The main characteristic of the credit pattern is that credit services are completely operated by private organizations. The government only carries out the credit administration legislation in the social credit system, and the surveillance carries out the practice. Analyzing American social credit system can provide beneficial experience to China in establishing and improving the social credit system. 1. STRONGER CREDIT CONSCIOUSNESS PROMOTES CREDIT ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. In the U.S., it is very common to see credit transaction. With a deficient credit recording or bad credit record, it is very hard for an enterprise or a person to survive or develop. What is worse, the person with a bad credit record may not be employed as everyone gets an SSN (social security number) in America which can make all individual credit record together. Therefore, no only enterprises but also individuals have very strong credit consciousness. 2. CREDIT INTERMEDIARY AGENCY PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN CREDIT SYSTEM. In the U.S., credit-reporting agency is engaged in credit rating, business account pursues receives and the world famous commercial organization specialize in information service. These main intermediary agencies such as Dun&Bradstreet (the New York Stock Exchange code: DNB), TransUnion, Experian and Equifax are world famous credit reporting organizations. The term credit-rating will be restricted to agencies such as Moody's and S&P. The effective management of business credit can contribute to the overall economic health. 3. THE GOVERNMENT AND PROFESSION ASSOCIATION MAKE EFFORTS TO FORM MORE COMPLETE LEGAL FRAME SYSTEM. The U.S. is the most advanced country in credit economy today and its credit laws and regulation systems are most perfect. The role played by the government is quite limited in the credit profession management while related departments and courts get up the function which in the credit surveillance, main supervising department is the credit administration profession, such as Federal Trade Commission, Na tional Association of Credit Management(NACM), Consumer Credit Protection Act(CCPA), Truth in Lending Act (TILA), Formulated Fair Credit Reporting Act(FCRA), promulgated Equal Credit Opportunity Act( ECOA), (Uniform Consumer Credit Code, UCCC) and so on. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".