Comparative Long-Term Performance of Canada’s First Stone-Mix Asphalt Freeway Project
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first major high-volume freeway trial of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) in Canada was constructed on Highway 401 west of Toronto in 1996. SMA is a heavy duty, gap-graded hot mix asphalt, composed of 100 percent crushed coarse aggregate and mastic stabilized asphalt cement. The performance to date has shown that the SMA aggregate skeleton with stone-on-stone contact will withstand rutting due to heavy truckloads. Additional asphalt cement binder provides increased durability, and resistance to aging and cracking of the mix. Stabilization of the additional asphalt cement and prevention of binder run-off during construction are achieved through an increase in fines and filler, the addition of fibres, and polymer-modification. This paper describes the 10-year performance of Canada’s first full-scale SMA freeway trial. SMA was constructed on Highway 401 adjacent to a Dense Friction Course (DFC) for the purpose of comparing field performance. Since construction in 1996, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) has been monitoring the performance of both the SMA and DFC mixes. Performance evaluation has included annual roughness and rutting measurement, frictional properties, and manual distress surveys. The results of ten years of performance evaluation are presented in detail, with the results indicating that both the SMA and DFC are performing well.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it