Rnq2, A Novel Prion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prions are amyloid‐forming, infectious proteins that have been identified in both mammals and fungi. Linked to neurodegenerative diseases in mammals, prions act as agents of epigenetic inheritance in yeast. In spite of the many studies of both yeast and mammalian prions, the mechanism allowing a non‐prion state protein to convert to the prion state remains poorly understood. Known yeast prions are similar in that they all have a relatively high asparagine (N) and glutamine (Q) content. In this study, we investigated proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contained high NQ compositions for prion characteristics. Of all the candidates investigated, one protein exhibited characteristics common to known prions. We show that a protein of unknown function, which we call Rnq2, forms aggregates in vivo and in vitro . Similarly to what has previously been observed with Rnq1, we have shown that when the prion‐determining domain of Sup35 is replaced with Rnq2, all phenotypic prion behavior of the truncated Sup35, including reversible curing with guanidine HCl, is fully restored. Our findings strongly support Rnq2 as a novel prion of S. cerevisiae . As more prions are identified and characterized, further comparisons between them can be made to define the physical characteristics, cofactors and mechanisms common to all prions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".