Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Bitter Legacy: African Slavery Past and Present. Edited by Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, and Martin A. Klein. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2013. Pp. vi, 221; photographs, glossary. $44.95 cloth, $26.95 paper.When Jake Obetsebi Lamptey, Ghana's minister of Tourism and Diasporan Relations, announced the start of the so-called Joseph Project in 2006, the goal was quite clear. By casting African Americans and others in the diaspora in the role of the biblical Joseph, Lamptey and the Ghanaian government sought some semblance of historical reconciliation. Like Joseph, African Americans had been sold by their brethren and exiled to a distant land, only to return home in positions to provide economic aid to their long lost family. The Joseph Project, then, aimed to spur diasporic tourism in Ghana and to offer reconciliation as a means of attracting diasporic investments. Though clearly a superficial attempt to increase the infusion of tourism dollars, the existence of Ghana's Joseph Project and similar efforts in Senegal, Benin, and the Gambia begs a few questions. What of the many descendants of slaves living in contemporary Atlantic African states? How have states or the descendants of slave raiders, dealers, and holders sought to reconcile with the descendants of the enslaved living among them? The ten essays included in Bitter Legacy provide a corpus of evidence and sharp analyses about the troubled spaces occupied by the slave past in the postcolonial present.As outlined in the introductory chapter, the essays in this collection seek to understand memories of slavery and the slave trade in contemporary Atlantic African societies- through proverbs, songs, narratives, religious doctrines, and children's stories. The collection comes out of a larger project launched by the editors who, along with Carolyn Brown, organized two conferences-at the Bellagio Center in 2007, and two years later in Toronto-that emphasized African voices on slavery and the slave trade. The first edited collection from this collaborative effort was published by Cambridge University Press- Bellagamba, Greene, Klein, eds., African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade (Cambridge, 2013). What distinguishes Bitter Legacy from the Cambridge collection is the exclusive focus on contemporary understandings of slave ancestry and the slave past. While some of this ground has been covered in Robert Baum's Shrines of the Slave Trade (Oxford, 1999), Rosalind Shaw's Memories of the Slave Trade (Chicago, 2002), and Bayo Holsey's Routes of Remembrance (Chicago, 2008), there has been a dearth of book-length treatments on this topic and the attempt by the editors and the collection authors to give voice to former slaves or those of slave ancestry in Bitter Legacy makes the volume an essential starting point. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".