Mannan binding lectin polymorphisms associated with common infectious diseases of pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In most mammals, there are two forms of mannan binding lectin in plasma; these are MBL‐A and MBL‐C expressed in liver by the MBL1 and MBL2 genes respectively. In humans, MBL1 is a pseudogene, and some mutations in MBL2 increase susceptibility to various infections. We looked for mutations that impair MBL‐C function in pigs in which MBL‐A is normally expressed. Expression of MBL‐C was markedly reduced in some healthy pigs, but low in most pigs diagnosed with common infectious diseases. Four SNPs associated with reduced expression of MBL‐C were identified in the 5′‐flanking region of pig MBL‐C. A multiplex PCR test was used to genotype a G(−1081)A mutation with the largest effect on MBL‐C expression in both the GA and AA genotypes in various European breeds. The G(−1081)A promoter defect was significantly more common among 288 pigs with various common pneumonic, enteric and systemic infections, compared with various healthy populations. These results demonstrate that a promoter polymorphism that impairs production of MBL‐C is an immunodeficiency in pigs with normal MBL‐A expression. The frequency of this mutation in various breeds (8–42%) and the susceptible phenotype of heterozygotes indicate that selective breeding for the normal promoter genotype might reduce various infectious diseases in crossbred production pigs. Supported by Ontario Pork, NSERC and OMAFRA
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".