Lisa Rose Mar. Brokering Belonging: Chinese in Canada's Exclusion Era, 1885-1945
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lisa Rose Mar. Brokering Belonging: in Canada's Exclusion Era, 1885-1945. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.230 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $27.95 sc. The author has provided an engaging and insightful analysis of the pivotal roles of the brokers and how the process of brokerage has mitigated the adverse impact of Canada's racial policies on this disenfranchised group during the exclusion era, 1885-1945. Drawing upon various sources of documents, especially the underutilized language historical documents such as the language newspapers, the author shows how these brokers with their acquired and English capability, acting as leaders and intermediaries, operated, navigated, and negotiated with the Anglo constituencies. These interactions and transactions revealed that the politics of the Anglo and worlds were inextricably linked. The did not merely and passively react to the discriminatory policies and practices. Instead, in their responses to the largely anti-Chinese era, they took action to shape and re-shape their own immediate living milieu and the surrounding society. The examination of these brokers' work shows that in spite of being defined and redefined by the Anglo hegemony as a uniquely race, marginalized and stigmatized inferior stock living in an ethnic ghetto, these brokers displayed ingenuity in responding actively to the politically complex Anglo of prejudice and reinserting Canadians as part of a more integrated political history (6). The author's analysis has also raised questions about the depiction of the as sojourners which should have been indelibly linked to European hegemony in an Anglo settler society. Brokering Belonging is composed of five chapters. Chapter 1--Negotiating Protections--documents the rivalry of two influential brokers and how they help the immigrants to evade the head tax by forming alliances with Canada's ruling political party. Chapter 2--Arguing Cases--demonstrates these brokers, while being barred from practicing law, acted as Chinese legal interpreters in cases contending the discriminatory laws and justice system and appealing to the Canadian and British Empire courts for reification. Chapter 3--Popularizing Politics--examines the emerging new generation of brokers (charismatic brokers who're intellectuals, labor leaders and civil rights activists) and how they, in addition to challenging the power of the traditional merchant brokers and legal interpreters, organized a year-long protest against the public school segregation and joined forces with other anti-colonial protests against the British colonialism in China and India. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".