Tissue‐specific regulation of cell signaling by acute thyroid hormone treatment <i>in vivo</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T 3 ) can activate cell signaling proteins independently of its genomic actions involving thyroid receptor (TR)‐DNA interactions. To investigate tissue‐specific non‐genomic actions in vivo , we injected male Sprague‐Dawley rats with T 3 (0.4 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally and removed soleus (SOL), plantaris (PL), liver (LIV), and heart (HRT) 2, 4, or 6 h later. T 3 treatment increased p38 phosphorylation (P‐p38) by 2‐fold in SOL at all 3 time points, while in PL, P‐p38 was only elevated at 2 and 4 h compared to vehicle (Veh)‐treated rats. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated at 2 and 4 h in SOL, and at 2 h in PL. Neither ERK1/2 or Akt phosphorylation was altered by T 3 treatment in muscle. In both HRT and LIV, P‐p38 was not affected by T 3 . Interestingly, P‐ERK1/2 was decreased in heart at 2 h but returned to basal levels at 4 and 6 h. In contrast, P‐ERK1/2 was increased at 4 h in LIV. Electromobility shift assays were used to determine whether T 3 altered the DNA binding activity of transcription factor targets of the T 3 ‐regulated kinases. Tissue‐specific binding of the cAMP‐response element (CRE) was highest in LIV and HRT, and lower in SOL and PL. There were no differences in CRE binding between T 3 ‐ and Veh‐treated rats. Thyroid response element (TRE) binding was not affected by T 3 in SOL, PL, HRT, or LIV. Thus, T 3 rapidly regulates kinase activation in vivo in a tissue‐specific manner, however the downstream targets remain to be identified, particularly in skeletal muscle. Supported by HSFO and NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".