Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fire-retarding properties of wollastonite nanofibers in poplar wood (Populus nigra) were studied here. Some physical properties such as water absorption, volumetric swelling and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) were also measured. Specimens were prepared according to the ISO 11925 specifications for the fire-retarding properties and according to the ASTM D4446-2002 specifications for the physical properties. Impregnation of wood specimens with nanowollastonite was carried out at consumption levels of 4, 6.3, 10 and 12%, using Rueping Method (empty-cell process) and compared with the control specimens. Five fire-retarding properties were measured, including weight loss (%), ignition point (s), fire endurance (s), glow endurance (s) and carbonization area (%). The obtained results indicated that fire-retarding properties were significantly improved in the NW-treated specimens. Furthermore, the NW-impregnated specimens gained higher dimensional stability. However, water absorption increased. Heat-conductivity of wollastonite limited accumulation of heat at one spot, furthermore, it acted as a physical barrier to deter heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phase, consequently, fire-retarding properties were improved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".