A novel tool for the objective measurement of neck fibrosis: validation in clinical practice.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat neoplasms of the head and neck, and fibrosis is a known side effect. The Cutometer is a device that quantifies properties of the skin. The goal of the study was to validate the Cutometer in normal neck tissues and then quantify fibrosis in radiated necks. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 251 patients. The elasticity and stiffness parameters were recorded. Control patients were compared to determine the correlation between their left and right sides. Next, the treatment groups were compared using a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis). RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between the left and right sides of the control patients' necks, supporting the view that the Cutometer provides reproducible measurements in the normal neck. Furthermore, the Cutometer demonstrated reduced elasticity in necks treated with radiation, surgery-radiation, and chemoradiation. No significant difference in stiffness was seen. CONCLUSION: The Cutometer may serve as a valuable and valid tool for the measurement of neck skin elasticity. Radiated patients have a quantifiable decrease in their skin elasticity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".