The effects of estrogen on temporal and numerical processing in ovariectomized female rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ovariectomized rats were trained to discriminate discrete sound sequences that varied in time or number. On time trials, the number of sounds was held constant at four, and the duration of the sound sequences was either 2 or 8 sec. On number trials, the duration of the sound sequence was a constant 4 sec, and the number of sounds was two or eight. After reaching criterion, half the rats received injections of 17-β-estradiol 3-benzoate (8 µg per kg bodyweight) for a period of 2 weeks. In Experiment 1, estradiol treatment significantly decreased both the number of training trials completed and discrimination accuracy. For the ovariectomized control rats, the psychophysical functions for time and number had properties that were consistent with those in the previous literature. For the ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats, the psychophysical functions were initially flatter, but as time since estradiol exposure increased, they approached those of control rats. The points of subjective equality were equivalent for estradiol-treated and control rats, and both groups performed with higher accuracy on time trials than on number trials. In Experiment 2, prefeeding the rats before a session decreased the number of trials completed but had no significant effect on discrimination accuracy. Therefore, estradiol’s effect on the accuracy of time and number discriminations in Experiment 1 was not due to its effect on food motivation. These findings are discussed in terms of the internal clock model, their relation to studies of spatial processing, and implications for human health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".