MESH CONVERGENCE STUDY FOR 2-D STRAIGHT-BLADE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE SIMULATIONS AND ESTIMATION FOR 3-D SIMULATIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mesh resolution requirements are investigated for 2-D and 3-D simulations of the complex flow around a straight-blade vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The resulting flow, which may include large separation flows over the blades, dynamic stall, and wake-blade interaction, is simulated by an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes analysis, based on the Spalart-Allmaras (S–A) turbulence model. A grid resolution study is conducted on 2-D grids to examine the convergence of the CFD model. Hence, an averaged-grid residual of y+ > 30 is employed, along with a wall treatment, to capture the near-wall region’s flow structures. Furthermore a 3-D simulation on a coarse grid of the VAWT model is performed in order to explore the influence of the 3-D effects on the aerodynamic performance of the turbine. Finally, based on the 2-D grid convergence study and the 3-D results, the required computational time and mesh to simulate 3-D VAWT accurately is proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".