Abstract 11566: Beyond LDL Cholesterol: Carriers of the PCSK9 R46L Variant Are Characterized by an Anti-Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile Assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Carriers of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant are characterized by low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether these individuals are characterized by other features of a more beneficial lipoprotein-lipid profile is unknown. Methods and Results: We measured the lipoprotein-lipid profile of 2373 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk study by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Among them, 77 participants carried at least one allele of the R46L genetic variant. Carriers and non-carriers had comparable clinical characteristics (age, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking and diabetes prevalence). As expected, carriers had lower LDL cholesterol levels compared to non-carriers (3,75±0,99 vs. 4,16±1,01 mmol/L, p<0.001 in carriers vs. non-carriers, respectively). Carriers were characterized by a lower very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentration and a lower LDL particle concentration of any size (Table). Total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration was not different in carriers vs. non-carriers. However, carriers had a higher concentration of large HDL particles and a higher mean HDL particle size. We also found that carriers were characterized by a lower secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity (4,21±0,88 vs. 4,61±1,26, nmol/ml/min p=0.004 in carriers vs. non-carriers, respectively) and a lower lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity (47,5±14,1 vs. 52,4±16,2 nmol/ml/min, p=0.008 in carriers vs. non-carriers, respectively). Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that on top of having low LDL cholesterol levels, carriers of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant have a lower VLDL and LDL particle concentration, a higher concentration of large HDL particles and lower sPLA2 and Lp-PLA2 activity. This anti-atherogenic profile may explain to a certain extent the reduced CVD risk observed in carriers of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".