Bibliographic record
Abstract
Camp Fire Girls was a popular and influential girls’ group noteworthy for its celebration, appropriation, and fabrication of Native lore. This paper will explore how and why Camp Fire Girls played Indian in the movement’s inaugural decade (1910 to 1920). It will argue that Camp Fire Girls was an anti-modernist response to cultural and social anxieties that industrialization, urbanization, and modern technology were making youth weak, women abandon the home, and Americans more generally forsake the wholesome countryside for myriad immoral influences of cities. It will also show that Camp Fire Girls played Indian in order to improve on, rather than escape from, modernity. Indian play reinforced in Camp Fire Girls a sense of their superiority as a more evolved race, made housework appealing to women, and taught girls how to participate in an urban world in ways that did not challenge the integrity of the “fundamental things”: their femininity, whiteness, and American character.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".