Bibliographic record
Abstract
Like bacteria and yeast, mammalian cells can harbor plasmids. These double-stranded circular DNA plasmids or episomes are the genomes of DNA viruses. The genomes of Epstein-Barr virus, the related Kaposi's sarcoma-associated (virus human herpesvirus 8), and papillomavirus can persist indefinitely in latently infected cells due to their ability to replicate and stably segregate during cell division, and this chapter focuses on these viruses. Efficient replication from the dyad symmetry (DS) element requires all four Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)1-binding sites as well as the nonamer repeats that flank the EBNA1 sites. EBNA1 is the only viral protein required to replicate and maintain oriP plasmids and EBV episomes and does so through interactions with the 18-bp palindromic sequences present in the family of repeats (FR) and DS elements of oriP. Replication from oriP requires EBNA1 binding to the DS element, but this interaction alone does not activate the origin, as EBNA1 is bound to the DS throughout most of the cell cycle. The transient replication of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) genomes is dependent on the viral E1 and E2 proteins, and no other viral proteins are required. On the basis of this finding, a mouse cell line was developed that stably expressed E1 and E2 and was used to map the cis-acting requirements for BPV plasmid replication. The latent genomes of several different DNA viruses are stably maintained in mammalian cells as low-copy-number plasmids.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.028 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".