Polyelectrolyte Age and N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation in Drinking Water Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) and epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (Epi-DMA) stock olutions were prepared, stored for varying amounts of time, and used in bench-scale simulations of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation to determine whether polymer stock age had an influence on NDMA yields. Stock solution ages ranged from under one hour to fifty hours. PolyDADMAC stock age did not significantly affect NDMA production. Epi-DMA stock age significantly increased NDMA production over a time span of 0 to 5 hours, but not from 5 to 50 hours. The relationship between the change in NDMA yields and Epi-DMA stock solution age may be a first-order reaction or a two-phase process. Statistical evaluation of the data available supports both theories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".