Iodine Deficiency and Child Development in Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is a contributing factor to delayed development. The effectiveness of iodized salt programs to eliminate this effect has not been studied in young children. 1726 infants 6 to 10 mo old were exhaustively sampled in 60 randomly selected villages in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Median urinary iodine excretion was low at 17.0 μg/L; 11 infants had a palpable goiter. 39% of households reported a member with a history of visible goiter. Goiter in the infant was negatively associated with the Bayley cognitive score. Education of household head and mother, home stimulation, and infant weight and length were positively associated with child cognitive, receptive and expressive language, and fine motor Bayley scores. Sanitation and hygiene composite variable was positively associated with receptive and expressive language, and fine motor scores. Correlations were significant (p<0.01) but only sanitation and hygiene and expressive language correlation reached a small effect size (r=0.1). Iodine deficiency is a public health issue and infant developmental outcomes were associated with stimulation, socioeconomic status, and anthropometry, and goiter. [Funded by Micronutrient Initiative, Canada] Grant Funding Source : Micronutrient Intiative
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".