Proud To Be An Islander: Newfoundland Identity as Revealed through Newfoundland Song
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (to give it the title it adopted in 2003) was a late entrant to the Canadian confederation, finally, and with a notable lack of enthusiasm, joining its mainland neighbour in 1949, 81 years after most other British North American colonies began the process. From its origins as a ‘fishing station’ for west-country Englishmen to full dominion status in the early twentieth century it bred a people for whom resilience in the face of hardship was the norm. A hundred miles from mainland Canada, its unpredictable climate and limited natural resources made it an unlikely destination for emigrants from Europe. The majority of its population lives around its coasts, mainly on the eastern side of the island and facing away from Canada and, until comparatively recent times, were cut off from each other. The only urban centre was the city of St. John’s. It is widely regarded as the most ‘quirky’ of the English speaking provinces and can, with some truth, claim to be Canada’s other ‘Distinct Society.’ One of the things that make it different is its musical heritage, both traditional and contemporary, which is probably richer than anywhere else in the country. This article will explore the body of songs created and sung by Newfoundlanders and will argue not only that they reflect the harsh but beautiful landscape of the province and its history as a colony and independent dominion, but that they reveal an ambivalence towards its place within Canada. Newfoundland’s identity is thus articulated as much through its songs as its literature and although the latter has attracted attention in recent years, it is the former that is the more enduring and the more potent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".