Idées, intérêts, institutions, temps et innovations politiques en Afrique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUMEPourquoi, comment et quand y a-t-il innovation en strategies de developpement en Afrique ? En examinant les strategies de developpement economique de l'Afrique postcoloniale et en s'interessant a l'evolution du role de l'Etat - Etat comme acteur central du developpement, tentative du retrait de l'Etat, interventionnisme limite au social, retour de l'Etat dans la sphere economique -, le present article se propose d'expliquer le changement sous l'angle original des innovations politiques et institutionnelles. En effet, derriere l'apparente continuite que la plupart des auteurs tant analytiques que normatifs fustigent, se trouvent des innovations que les variables ideationnelles, strategiques, temporelles et institutionnelles permettent de rendre compte de maniere heuristique. Cet article propose ainsi une analyse comparative inedite du role des acteurs internationaux, regionaux et nationauxdans l'emergence et les trajectoires des strategies de developpement en Afrique. Les contextes temporels favorables, les crises des modeles precedents, les configurations et heritages institutionnels structurants, les strategies instrumentales des acteurs interesses, l'apprentissage politique, les dimensions cognitives et normatives des idees permettent d'expliquer la diffusion, sedimentation et conversion institutionnelle comme processus privilegies d'innovation en Afrique. La critique de ces concepts permet de developper des outils mieux adaptes pour expliquer certaines innovations, soit l'inclusion et l'intrusion institutionnelle. En s'interessant a la question de l'innovation delaissee a tord par la plupart des analyses serieuses, le present article renouvelle la discussion sur le changement et l'innovation politique et institutionnelle en Afrique et en science politique.Mots cles : Innovation, strategies de developpement, changement, AfriqueABSTRACTWhy, how and when does institutional or political change occur in Africa? By examining the postcolonial African strategies for economic development, and focusing on the evolution of the role of the State, the present article proposes an explanation of institutional change with a special focus on political and institutional innovations. In fact, behind the apparent continuity that most analytical and normative authors critique, there are innovations that can be analysed in a heuristic manner, using ideational, strategic, temporal and institutional variables. This article thus proposes a new comparative analysis of the role of international, regional, and national actors in the emergence and the trajectories of development strategies in Africa. The favorable temporal contexts, the crises of the preceding models, the structuring configurations and institutional heritage, the instrumental strategies of the interested actors, the political learning, the cognitive and normative dimensions of the ideas contribute to explaining the diffusion and institutional sedimentation and conversion as privileged processes of innovation in Africa. The critique of these concepts makes it possible to develop tools better adapted to explaining change - institutional inclusion (semi-strategic and semi-ideational) and institutional intrusion (semi-strategic and semi- structural) - and renew the explanation of the complex relationship between national, regional, and international actors. The present article renews the discussion on change, especially political and institutional innovation in Africa and political science.Keywords: Innovation, development strategies, change, AfricaIntroduction'Pourquoi, comment et quand y a-t-il innovation en strategies de developpement en Afrique ? Depuis l'emergence des Etats africains independants, de nombreuses strategies de developpement ont ete appliquees en Afrique subsaharienne (Austin, 2000; Ndulu et al., 2008a, 2008b; Heilbrunn, 2008; Signe, 2010, 2011). Les pays africains sont passes de strategies axees sur l'Etat comme acteur principal du developpement a l'adoption d'une strategie d'integration economique regionale, le Plan d'action de Lagos de l'Organisation de l'unite africaine en 1980 (OUA, 1980). …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".