Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Review of Pinay on the Prairies: Filipino Women and Transnational Identities By Glenda Tibe Bonifacio (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2013), 320 pages. Pinay on the Prairies: Filipino Women and Transnational Identities by gender and migration scholar Glenda Tibe Bonifacio offers an intimate, detailed picture of the lives and identities of the Filipino migrant women in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan; told using a feminist approach uniquely attributed to the Filipino women, or what Bonifacio calls Pinayism. In her book, Bonifacio attempts to shatter the stereotypical and racialized image of Filipino migrant women, presenting these women to be more than just nannies or domestic workers, but as individuals with their own complexities and uniqueness. Bonifacio also attempts to fill the gap in academic writing on Filipino migrant women--especially those being told using a feminist approach--in the discourses of migration and labor. As of today, over 11 million Filipinos, or about 11 percent of the total population, have migrated outside the Philippines, creating a Filipino diaspora all over the world since the 1970s. (1) Academic publications on the Filipino diaspora in various discourses are widely available, but most focus on the diaspora within the United States and the Philippines' postcolonial relationship with the United States. Writings on the Filipino diaspora in Canada are also available but are still relatively small, as they typically only focus on the three most popular destinations of the Filipino migrant: the MTV metro areas of Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. Despite the fact that Canada has yet to ratify the United Nations International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, it is still one of the top destinations for registered Overseas Filipino Workers, largely attracting Filipino women looking for employment as live-in caregivers or nurses. (2) Indeed, in Canada, the population of Filipino permanent residents reached 36,578 in 2010. (3) Pinay on the Prairies holistically captures all aspects pertaining to the migration experiences of Filipino women in the Canadian prairies with a storytelling platform that mimics the journey itself. The book begins with the push factors back in the Philippines that ignite the emigration process before transitioning to the pull factors that motivate women to migrate, detailing the opportunities available and how they measure up to the initial expectations of the immigrant Filipino women. The book then continues by exploring the initial arrival and adjustment process, where Bonifacio elaborates on the many ways in which Filipino women negotiate their identities and priorities as individuals wanting to be accepted by the host community while maintaining ties to their roots in the Philippines. The book concludes by elaborating on how the migration journey has altered the lives of the women, their families, and their surrounding communities. I applaud Bonifacio's effort in utilizing the Pinayism approach, which allows her to effectively highlight feminist identity and gender in initiating, constructing, and shaping the migration journey throughout the book. It allows these women to tell a story with their own unique identities, with assumed roles and duties influenced by their gender. Gender plays a role in idealizing select feminized professions appropriate for migration, such as caretaker or nurse, and as a social construction, gender is also a powerful determinant of the decision to migrate; most Filipino women admitted they emigrated in order to provide a better living for their families, which reflects the maternal ideal found in a collectivist society like that of the Filipino diaspora. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".