[Biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among people living nearby an aluminum smelter in the province of Québec].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study is to estimate the exposure to pyrene, an indicator of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the general environment, by using the internal dose of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) among people living nearby an aluminium smelter in the Montérégie area, Province of Québec, Canada. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done in November and December 1998. Participants were randomly selected according to their environmental exposure to PAHs and were distributed according to three exposure levels (high, low, none). Altogether, 121 non smokers aged between 18 to 70 years were recruited for the study. Persons occupationally exposed to PAHs or using tar-based medications were excluded. Those with personal medical conditions that affect the metabolism of pyrene were also excluded. Urine samples were taken in the morning and analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the concentration of the metabolite, 1-OHP. RESULTS: Among the exposed group (n=78), the geometric mean of urinary concentration of 1-OHP was 0.073 micromol/mol creatinine compared to 0.060 micromol/mol creatinine for the control group (n=40). The difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.09). Geometric means among the three groups of exposure (high, low, none) were respectively 0.079, 0.067 and 0.060 micromol/mol creatinine (p=0.13). Accounting for personal risk factors, such as diet, passive smoke, use of wood heating and time spent at home during the three days prior to urine sampling, did not change previous results. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the environmental levels of PAH produced by this factory are low and do not contribute significantly to the body burden of PAH as measured by 1-OHP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".