Enteral feeding induces profound early intestinal adaptation in a neonatal piglet model of short bowel syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our objective was to characterize small intestinal (SI) adaptation in a novel piglet model. Piglets (n = 32, 12–13 d old) were randomized to 1) 80% SI resection with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) feeding (R‐TPN), 2) 80% SI resection with TPN + enteral feeding (R‐EN) or 3) sham SI transection with TPN + enteral feeding (Sham‐EN). In R pigs, the distal 100 cm of ileum (residual SI) and 30 cm of proximal SI was left intact. All pigs received TPN after surgery. R‐EN and Sham‐EN piglets also received continuous gastric infusions of elemental diet starting on d 3 (40:60 TPN:EN). Piglets were killed 4, 6 or 10 d post‐surgery. Cell proliferation in residual SI, assessed by incorporation of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was significantly greater in R‐EN animals (29.5 ± 4.7 %) compared to Sham‐EN (13.63 ± 5.7 %) and R‐TPN (12.97 ± 8.9 %) animals at d 4 (P<0.05). R‐EN at d 4 also had higher rates of mucosal protein synthesis than Sham‐EN (P<0.001) and R‐TPN animals (P<0.05), (87.2 ± 3.2 vs 53.2 ± 2.1 and 59.7 ± 9.7 %/d, respectively). Villous height and crypt depth were greater in R‐EN animals compared to Sham‐EN animals at d 6 and 10 (p<0.05). Less than 24 h of enteral feeding increased rates of cell proliferation and protein synthesis; this translated into greater villous height and crypt depth only 2 d later. This piglet model will be very useful in assessing the efficacy of nutritional interventions targeting SI adaptation. (SickKids Foundation)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".