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Record W848354343

America's New War on Drugs: Should the United States Legalize Prescription Drug Reimportation;Note

2005· article· en· W848354343 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Chad D. Silker

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of legislation · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicPharmaceutical Economics and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedical prescriptionPrescription drugDrugPolitical scienceLawLaw and economicsMedicineEconomicsPharmacology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Many Americans in the United States are in the midst of a war on drugs.However, the enemy in this war on drugs has changed since President Ronald Reagan started the social crusade in the 1980's.For millions of Americans, the pharmaceutical companies, and the high price of their prescription drugs, are the enemy.The weapon many Americans brandish?Increasingly, they fight the cost of prescription drugs through methods of reimportation.Reimportation takes many forms.An estimated one million Americans cross the border into Canada each year to purchase a few months' supply of prescription drugs at prices not found in the United States. 1 Many others gain access to foreign pharmaceuticals through the Internet. 2Some take advantage of a growing number of strip mall storefronts like Rx Depot, which sell imported Canadian drugs at Canadian prices across the United States. 3All of these forms seek to combat the rising costs of pharmaceuticals by obtaining prescription drugs from markets outside the United States.This Note first discusses the history of high prescription drug prices in the United States compared to foreign countries.It then analyzes the proposed plan to permit reimportation of prescription drugs from foreign markets such as Canada, addressing the economic strengths and weaknesses as well as the safety issues present in a reimportation plan.Finally, it concludes that recent congressional efforts to implement reimportation must address the safety concerns used to defeat such plans, work to restrict direct-to-consumer advertising, and spread the research and development burden

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.485
Threshold uncertainty score0.433

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.065
GPT teacher head0.314
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2005
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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