Modeling Ca <sup>2+</sup> oscillations in vascular smooth muscle cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recurrent asynchronous Ca2+ waves in smooth muscle of large blood vessels involve a cycle of events starting with Ca2+ release through IP3R and concluding with refilling of the SR by coupling of reverse NCX to SERCA. We present a stochastic numerical model simulating the refilling of the SR through the junctional spaces between the plasma membrane (PM) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of vascular smooth muscle cells. The model simulates the diffusional motion of Ca2+ through the junctional cytosol between the PM and the SR as a three-dimensional random walk from ion sources to ion sinks, representing the Na+/Ca2+ exchange carriers and SERCA pumps, respectively. The ultra-structural parameters of the junctional space are taken from serial sections of the vascular smooth muscle analyzed by electron microscopy. The boundary values for the expected Ca2+ flux through each junction per oscillation are calculated from published data relating Ca2+ movements and binding to force development. Results of the mathematical simulation corroborate the idea that Ca2+ uptake via PM-SR junctions can be sufficiently rapid and efficient to constitute a viable pathway for refilling SR calcium to maintain the Ca2+ oscillations supporting vasoconstriction induced by α-adrenergic stimulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".