Abstract 5266: A Novel Technique for Assessing the Renal Microvasculature in Chronic Kidney Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A variety of factors have been identified as playing an important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal failure. Microvascular loss plays a critical role, being pathologically linked to the development of glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Thus, we have developed a new and novel post-mortem fixation technique, fluorescent microangiography (FMA), for assessing the microvasculature in animal models of CKD. Methods: 8 week old make Fischer 344 rats underwent subtotal nephrectomy (n=10) (SNX), or sham surgery (n=10). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum creatinine, and proteinuria were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks follwing surgery. At sacrifice rats were subjected to FMA. (10% solution of 0.02 μ m fluorescent microspheres) Thick (200 μ m) sections of fixed tissue can then be visualized under confocal microscopy. Stacks of images are collected and 3D reconstruction and visualization carried out in order to quantify the density, size and shape of blood vessels. An automated tracing algorithm was used to connect the tubular microvessels in 3 dimensions, and a solid 3D model was created (Neurolucida). Results : SNX animals showed increased in SBP (192±36 versus 123±4 mm Hg in controls; p < 0.0001), serum creatinine (65±12 versus 32±4 μ M in controls; p < 0.001) and urinary protein (84±26 versus 13±1 mg/d in controls; p < 0.05). FMA analysis demonstrated glomerular hypertrophy (average glomerular diameter [185±7 versus 136±4 μ M in controls; p < 0.01]) with microvascular loss in SNX animals (3.02E-03±2.20E-04 versus 4.45E-03±2.29E-04 μ M in controls; p < 0.01, see figure below). SNX increased total vessel length (9809±627 versus 5879±393 μ M in controls; p < 0.05), average vessel diameter (5.59±0.15 versus 5.24±0.18 μ M in controls; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Fluorescent microangiography (FMA), with a spatial resolution of less than 1 μ M is a practical and quantifiable method for visualizing the microvasculature of the kidney that allows for direct measurements of volume, diameter, length and vascular density. In addition FMA provides visualization of the phenotypic changes in the renal microvasculature associated with CKD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".