Analysis of Test Parameters and Criteria for Characterizing and Comparing Puncture Resistance of Protective Gloves to Needles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Needlestick injuries that expose workers to infection by blood-borne pathogens can be prevented by the use of appropriate protective gloves. Recently, an F23 ASTM task group developed the test method ASTM F2878-10, which defines needle puncture resistance as the maximum force recorded during tests using one of three hypodermic needle gauges. This study has two objectives: (1) to assess the effect of needle gauge on the ranking of glove puncture performance using the ASTM F2878-10 standard test method, and (2) to analyze the correspondence between maximum puncture force and puncture-through using an electrical detection device during needle penetration in protective gloves made of reinforced and multilayer composite materials. Two series of experiments were performed. In the first one, seven glove materials were characterized as described in the ASTM test method. The glove puncture resistance results were ranked after testing with the 21, 25, and 28 needle gauges. In the second experiment, a test device was used to electrically detect the force at which the needle tip punctures the material. Puncture tests were performed on seven glove materials following the ASTM F2878-10 test method and using this electrical device. The maximum force and force at puncture-through criteria are discussed. In the first experiment, the needle puncture resistance ranking of the gloves was almost equivalent for all three needle gauges. For glove selection purposes, the use of a single needle gauge provides sufficient information on needle puncture resistance for a comparison of the performance of the protective glove materials. In the second experiment, for two of the seven glove models, needle puncture-through was detected before the maximum force was reached. For those cases, the force at puncture-through criterion provides additional information on the material resistance that is not fully captured by the maximum force criterion alone, but it requires a more complex experimental setup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".