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Record W87149344

An ethical analysis of the mandatory exclusion of refugees and immigrants who test HIV-positive.

2000· book· en· W87149344 on OpenAlex
C.B. Hoffmaster, Ted Schrecker

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDurham Research Online (Durham University) · 2000
Typebook
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMigration, Refugees, and Integration
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRefugeeImmigrationPolitical sciencePersecutionDutyResidenceLawDenialCriminologySociologyPsychologyPoliticsDemography
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Should persons claiming refugee status in Canada to escape danger or persecution be tested for HIV
\nand refused asylum if they test positive? If refugees are admitted to Canada on humanitarian and
\ncompassionate grounds, should that compassion not extend to individuals who have the additional
\nmisfortune of being HIV-positive?
\nShould persons applying for immigrant status in Canada in order to improve their well-being or
\nenhance their economic prospects be tested for HIV and refused permanent residence if they test
\npositive? Should HIV-positive applicants automatically be excluded on the presumption that they
\nwould cost Canadian society more than they could ever contribute?
\nThose are the immediate ethical questions raised by proposals to screen
\nprospective refugees and immigrants for HIV and deny admission to everyone
\nwho tests positive. Answering them requires that deeper background issues be
\naddressed: What is the moral status of national borders? Is the sovereignty of the
\nnation-state absolute, so that a grant of permanent residence is no more than a
\nprivilege that a nation-state may bestow or withhold for any reason? Do affluent countries have an
\nobligation to help those who are worst-off in the world, or is whatever aid they choose to dispense
\nmerely a matter of charity? If prosperous countries have an ethical duty to provide foreign aid, may
\nthey admit refugees and immigrants as an alternative way of fulfilling that duty? And perhaps most
\ndifficult of all, how much national sacrifice may morality reasonably demand on behalf of people
\noutside a nation’s borders?

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.760
Threshold uncertainty score0.952

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.350
Teacher spread0.326 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it