A Descriptive Review of Selected Nonviral Enteric Illnesses Reported in Children in Quebec between 1999 and 2006
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology of selected nonviral enteric illnesses reported in children in Quebec between 1999 and 2006. METHODS: Incidence rates were calculated to describe age, sex, temporal and geographical characteristics of the selected nonviral enteric cases reported in children who were between zero and four years of age. Standard descriptive methods were used to analyze the temporal and geographical distributions of the incidence rates. RESULTS: A total of 5068 cases were reported. Of these, three pathogens accounted for the majority of the infections: Giardia (32.52%), Salmonella (30.98%) and Campylobacter (30.82%). Salmonella was most frequent in children younger than one year of age, whereas comparable incidence rates for the three pathogens were calculated for children between one and four years of age. For Giardia, the geographical distributions showed that the highest rates were in areas with more than 100,000 inhabitants (except Montreal, Quebec); for Salmonella, the highest rates were in Montreal; and for Campylobacter, the highest rates were in areas with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. No detectable trends were seen over the study period for the three pathogens. Seasonal summer peaks were noted for Salmonella and Campylobacter, contrasting with late summer to early autumn peaks for Giardia. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that Giardia, Salmonella and Campylobacter were the most common causes of nonviral enteric illnesses reported in children in Quebec. Giardia cases seemed to arise from different sources and transmission routes than the other two pathogens. Characteristics specific to Campylobacter infections in children, namely its predominance in areas with low population densities, and to Salmonella infections, namely predominance in the Greater Montreal area, should be further investigated to better guide prevention and control measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".