Ist CETA eine Gefahr fuer Direktvergaben im OEPNV?: neue Freihandelsabkommen und ihre Auswirkungen auf den OEPNV / ls CETA a threat for direct awards?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zu den zentralen Prinzipien des Freihandelsabkommens der EU mit Kanada gehoert der Grundsatz des freien Marktzugangs. Direktvergaben im Oeffentlichen Personennahverkehr (OEPNV) kollidieren mit diesem Prinzip, da sie einen freien Marktzugang nicht ermoeglichen. Der Beitrag analysiert moegliche Ausnahmeregelungen des Abkommens. Auch wenn eine voellig zweifelsfreie Ausnahmebestimmung fuer den OEPNV in CETA fehlt, kommen insbesondere zwei Ausnahmeregelungen in Betracht, die es ermoeglichen, dass auch nach Inkrafttreten des Abkommens die Direktvergabe im OEPNV moeglich bleibt. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: One of the key principles of the free trade agreement between the EU and Canada is the principle of free market access. Direct awards in public transport collide with this principle, since it does not allow free market access. The article analyzes possible exceptions of the agreement. Even there is no completely unambiguous exception for public transport in CETA, in particular two exceptions are considered, which allow even after the entry into force of the agreement, direct awards remains possible in the future. (A)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".