Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Review of Turkey and Arab Spring: Leadership in Middle East By Graham Fuller (Vancouver, BC: Bozorg Press, 2014), 408 pages. As saying goes, history may not repeat itself, but it certainly rhymes. This adage is thrust of much of Graham Fuller's recent book Turkey and Arab Spring: Leadership in Middle East. Early in text, Turkish foreign minister Ahmet Davutoglu describes his nation's resurgence as the return of history, and echoes of Ottoman-era preeminence haunt rest of book. (1) Fuller, a former CIA official, delivers an accessible, well-researched book that explores nuances of an increasingly confident Turkey and its modern ambitions within Middle East. The author traces roots of modern events through Cold War and colonial administration of Sykes-Picot era and into prolonged period of Ottoman decline, when Istanbul's regional influence began to wane. By shading current geopolitics with their historical beginnings, he convincingly explores layers and contradictions of power in Ankara. Fuller is attentive to what Ankara's newfound confidence will not bode for future. Neo-Ottoman assertiveness of Ankara as a regional power likely will not signal rebirth of empire: Regional powers are unlikely to be subjugated as vilayets or vassal states in any meaningful way. The author is also careful to discuss history of Ottoman caliph and, in contrast with anxieties of jittery pundits, why a grand regional caliphate is unlikely to be a meaningful component of an assertive Muslim state, in Turkey or elsewhere. In pursuit of a modern, ostensibly Western state, Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk, first president of Turkey and perhaps most significant figure in birth of country as a post-Ottoman state, dismissed final caliph in 1924. Rather, author argues that Turkey will broaden its engagement with other powers and chart a course following its own interests. This may well occur outside of regional blocs like EU, and author notes that Erdogan's growing assertiveness is broadening his appeal as a potential partner beyond Western world. Turkey s policies will likely be dictated by pursuit of its own geopolitical interests rather than dictates of radical Islam. Although democracy in Turkey is not unassailable, it will likely remain a beacon of stability and freedom in region. Fuller does several things right. He skillfully gives reader a feel for Turkey's recent history without relying on personal anecdotes for flavor. Rather than focusing exclusively on religion, his exploration of tension between West and Middle East examines geopolitics, ethnicity, and economics in same way that made A World Without Islam, his previous work, quite engaging. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".