Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most North American work on the history of science concentrates on the period of the 1840s and beyond, a time when permanent scientific institutions were founded and science emerged as a professional pursuit. The originality of this thesis lies in its examination of the earlier period and the demonstration that amid the large-scale social, religious, political and economic change in Montreal there was an emergent, amateur urban science culture and practice. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the local setting and the factors there that facilitated or retarded the development of science culture, the practice of science and the growth of scientific institutions. This thesis examines the multiplicity of ways in which science became a part of the cultural attitudes of English-speaking Montrealers during the period from 181 5 to 1842. Attitudes toward science were shaped by public spectacles and lectures, informal and formal learning experiences, and by the growth of such institutions as libraries and scientific institutions. By 1835 a number of elementary and secondary schools included some science in the curriculum. Civic pride and emulation lay behind the founding of literary and scientific institutions in Montreal. Members of the Natural History Society of Montreal (NHSM), which was founded in 1827, sought to form a museum of natural history specimens found in the Canadas and to diffuse a knowledge of science among the public. The research for this thesis is based on a wide range of primary source materials, including the archives of the NHSM and the Montreal Mechanics' Institute (MMI) held respectively at McGill University and the Atwater Library, as well as contemporary newspapers, periodicals and other printed documents
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".