Ultrasound drug targeting to tumors with thermosensitive liposomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Induction of local tissue hyperthermia is emerging as a valuable tool in cancer therapy, as temperatures between 39-43°C are sufficient to trigger release of drug from thermosensitive liposomes (TSL), but is not harmful to normal tissue. Despite significant advances in spatial and dynamic control of ultrasound, temperature profiles in heated tissues are never homogenous, and an ideal TSL should achieve complete local release over the entire hyperthermia range. We have developed a TSL exhibiting a sensitive temperature release profile (39-43°C) with excellent stability at 37°C. We prepared a TSL composed of DPPC lipid and Brij78 surfactant, and loaded this hyperthermia-activated-cytotoxic (HaT) TSL with doxorubicin (DOX). EMT-6 breast tumors located on a Balb/c mouse footpad were instantaneously heated to 42-43°C using a 3.9 MHz planar transducer: body temperature did not elevate above 37°C, and complete remission of the EMT-6 breast cancer tumors was observed. Mice treated with standard DOX chemotherapy (at same 10 mg/kg dose as HaT) did not exhibit any tumor inhibition effects compared to control mice. By histological examination, no physiological damage to normal tissues was induced by ultrasound heating, and mice treated with HaT DOX regained normal tissue appearance and function posttreatment. This study confirms the benefit of coupling ultrasound induced hyperthermia with a sensitive TSL formulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".