The direction of vasodilatory conducted responses is dependent on the vascular site in which they are initiated
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In skeletal muscle tissue, blood flow matches metabolism such that increases in blood flow are directed to active skeletal muscle fibers via coordinated vasodilations to upstream vessels. To study the spread of vasodilation, we examined hamster cremaster arteriolar dilations in situ to micropipette application of 10−5M pinacidil (PIN, a KATP channel opener) for 2 minutes onto either a TA, a BA or the CAPS and observed conducted responses at upstream and downstream sites including MIs (figure 1). Stimulation of the TA induced dilations that conducted to both upstream and downstream sites along the TA (3.8+/−1.3, 4.2+/−0.9um) and to BAs and MIs both upstream (3.4+/−1.1, 1.1+/−0.2um) and downstream (2.1+/−0.3, 0.8+/−0.3um) from the site of application. Stimulating the BA induced conducted dilations to the TA and the BA but upstream only (4.2+/−1.6, 0.9+/−0.3um). Similarly, stimulating the CAPS induced dilations of the MI, BA and TA upstream to and directly supplying the stimulated CAPS (2.1+/−0.4, 1.4+/−0.5, 1.6+/−0.5um), but not other MIs associated with the same BA. Therefore, BA and CAPS stimulation induced directional upstream conduction of vasodilation to vessels which directly supply the site of stimulation, while TA stimulation did not produce similar directional dilations. This demonstrates that the direction of the conducted responses appears to be dependent on the site of stimulation. NSERC and PREA. Schematic of hamster cremaster vasculature
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".