High human plasma levels of organochlorine compounds in Greenland. Regional differences and lifestyle effects.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study has been to analyse data, collected for surveillance purposes under the Human Health Programme of AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, in Greenland, regarding geographical differences and lifestyle versus pollution load from persistent organic pollutants (POP), and to make possible exposure assessments. It comprises a regional study from six districts and an ongoing study of pregnant women and infants. METHODOLOGY: Biostatistical analyses of data collected in Greenland from 61 men and 10 women from six different districts (1997-98) and from 110 mother-infant pairs in the Disko Bay area (1996-97) and 223 mother-infant pairs (1994-96). The data consisted of questionnaire answers and bloodsamples from men, women, and newborn infants (cord blood) analysed for fatty acids, selenium and 26 POPs including 14 PCB-congeners and four toxaphenes. RESULTS: Strong regional differences were found, related to different intakes of marine food with very high PCB-loads among men from the East coast. The various POP-plasma levels were mutually correlated and strong correlations were found between POP-plasma concentrations in mothers and new-born, R > 0.9, p < 0.0001. Among the pregnant women 95% surpassed the Canadian concern level for PCB, and 60% of the men from Scoresbysund surpassed the action level. The association between reported monthly food frequency and POPs was relatively weak, but the POPs were strongly correlated with plasma and erythrocyte n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratios as biomarkers of marine food intake. Multiple regression analysis showed highly significant positive correlation between smoking, and POP-plasma levels, after correction for age, alcohol intake, marine food, plasma lipids and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratios. CONCLUSION: As the most important determinants of high POP-plasma levels in Greenlanders we propose: age, high plasma n-3 fatty acids (marine food), East coast region, and being a smoker.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".