The Effect of Attentional Focus on Pass Accuracy and Relative Timing In a Soccer Passing Task among Novice Players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rational for this study comes from previous investigations focused on suprapostural tasks that assessed the effect of lower limb manipulation or cognitive tasks on posture. Despite soccer's widespread popularity, there seems to be a lack of investigation on the effect of attentional focus on soccer skills. The present study assessed the effect of attentional focus on a pedal suprapostural (soccer) task on pass accuracy and stance and kicking legs' relative timing. It was hypothesized that inducing external focus of attention would result in superior suprapostural performance defined as higher accuracy and lower errors. The results did not support the hypothesis; however, it is believed that discreteness of the task, short duration of practice and rate on interventions caused instructions not to be effective on soccer wall pass. It is suggested future studies will hold more practice with more trials involved in order to reveal the effects of attentional focus condition on similar tasks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".