Bicuculline Enhances Basal Ventilation in 12 Day‐Old Rats Chronically Treated with Caffeine.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caffeine is the 1st line pharmacological treatment for apnea of prematurity and can be administered for days to weeks. Because of the close interaction between adenosine and GABA on respiratory control in newborn subjects, we tested here the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of adenosine receptors by daily caffeine administration modulates GABAa receptors function. In 12-day-old rats that were daily gavaged with water (control) or caffeine (15mg/kg) from postnatal day 3-12, we measured respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation and metabolism (oxygen consumption and CO2 production) in normoxia while rats were awake and un-anesthetized (plethysmography). These measurements were performed following a single i.p. injection of vehicle (DMSO) or bicuculline (2mg/kg, specific GABAa receptor antagonist). In control rats, basal ventilation was not different between vehicle and bicuculline. In caffeine rats, bicuculline increased basal ventilation (+50%) compared to vehicle. No changes in metabolism were observed in control or caffeine rats. These results show that chronic caffeine administration induces important changes in GABAa receptor response that may be related to an increase in receptor density and/or in their sensitivity to GABA. Funded by CIHR (MOP 119272).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".